Every Muslim who is adult and in possession of his faculties must fast Ramadan.
They are exempted, however, in the following cases:
a. Women in menstruation, or in child-birth bleeding.
b. Persons on sick bed, or on a journey.
Women who are Bleeding during Menstruation or of Child-Birth:
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Women in menstruation, or bleeding after giving birth, shall not
fast.
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If Ramadan begins while a woman is in menstruation or childbirth
bleeding, she shall not fast until bleeding ceases in both
cases and she takes the ritual bath.
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If bleeding occurs during Ramadan, then a woman shall break
the fast.
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When bleeding ceases, a woman must wash and then fast. If she
does not find water, she must perform the ritual purification with
sand (tayammum).
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If bleeding ceases during the night, she can formulate the
intention to fast and lose no time in washing but postpone taking
a bath until after dawn, providing she does so before sunrise.
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If a bleeding woman deliberately postpones the bath until after
sunrise, thereby missing the morning prayers, then her fast shall
not be valid.
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A bleeding woman shall fast a number of days equal to those she
missed because of bleeding. `Aisha said :"In the Prophet's time
we were ordered to compensate for fasting days missed in
bleeding but were not ordered to perform restitution for our
missed prayers"
